About

I am an Assistant Professor on Research-Track in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at National University of Singapore (NUS), and an Associate Professor (Adjunct) in the School of CSE at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). My research lies at the intersection of Trustworthy AI and Secure & Private Software Engineering.

Specifically, I focus on the safety and ethics assessment, interpretability, and explainability of large language models (LLMs), as well as program analysis and vulnerability detection for modern software systems. I aim to build AI systems and software that are robust, transparent, and trustworthy.

I received my Ph.D. from the School of Computing, National University of Singapore (NUS) and my Bachelor's degree (First Class Honours) from Nanyang Technological University (NTU). Prior to joining HUST, I was a Research Fellow/Postdoctoral Researcher at NUS (2021–2023).

I am looking for motivated PhD/Master students and research interns. Please feel free to reach out if you are interested in working with me.


Research Interests

Trustworthy AI / LLM Safety LLM Interpretability & Explainability Program Analysis

News

  • Pinned Our SSRC-thematic grant (2026–2030) “debiaSING: Finding and Fixing Biases in the Human-AI Complex” has been awarded. We are looking for RAs and RFs hosted at the National University of Singapore. Please send your CV if you are interested!
  • Sep 2026 Join the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) as an Assistant Professor on Research-Track.
  • Aug 2026 Paper RASET: Router-Agnostic Safety-Critical Expert Tuning Exposes Localized Safety Enforcement Failures in Mixture-of-Experts LLMs accepted by EMNLP 2026 (main). Congratulations to Zhibo!
  • Jun 2026 Paper A Temporal Reasoning Benchmarking Framework for LRMs via Difficulty-controlled and Dynamic Test Generation accepted by ISSTA 2026. Congratulations to Shide!
  • May 2026 Joined the Program Committee of FSE 2027.
  • Apr 2026 Paper Privacy Protection Against Personalized Text-to-Image Synthesis via Cross-image Consistency Constraints accepted by ICMR 2026. Congratulations to Guanyu!
  • Apr 2026 Three papers accepted by ICPR 2026.
  • Apr 2026 Paper R2IF: Aligning Reasoning with Decisions via Composite Rewards for Interpretable LLM Function Calling accepted by ACL 2026 (main). Congratulations to Aijia!
  • Mar 2026 Paper Exposing the Ghost in the Transformer: Abnormal Detection for Large Language Models via Hidden State Forensics accepted by TIFS. Congratulations to Shide!
  • Mar 2026 Paper A Large-Scale Privacy Assessment of Android Third-Party SDKs accepted by TSE. Congratulations to Mark!
  • Feb 2026 Paper Efficient and Effective Universal Adversarial Attack against Vision-Language Pre-training Models accepted by ICASSP 2026 (oral). Congratulations to Fan!
  • Feb 2026 Joined the Program Committee of ICSE 2027.
  • Dec 2025 Two papers accepted by ICSE 2026. Congratulations to Xinyi!
  • Nov 2025 Two papers accepted by AAAI 2026.
  • Sep 2025 Survey paper Large language models for cyber security accepted by TOSEM. Congratulations to Hanxiang!
  • Jul 2025 Paper SPOLRE accepted by TOSEM. Congratulations to Guanyu and Yi!
  • Jun 2025 Joined the Program Committee of FSE 2026.
  • Mar 2025 Paper NeuSemSlice accepted by TOSEM. Congratulations to Shide!
  • Jan 2025 Two papers accepted by ICSE 2025. Congratulations to Shide and Yuqing!
  • Dec 2024 Serving as the Publication Chair for IWQoS 2025.
  • Dec 2024 Paper MiniScope accepted by TOSEM. Congratulations to Shenao!
  • Aug 2024 Survey paper Large Language Models for Software Engineering accepted by TOSEM. Congratulations to Xinyi!
  • Aug 2024 Two papers (full) accepted by ASE 2024 Industry Showcase Track. Congratulations to Xinyi, Jian and Shenao!
  • Aug 2024 Serving as a PC member for WWW 2025.
  • Aug 2024 Two papers accepted by ASE 2024. Congratulations to Baijun, Zhibo and Yuxi!
  • Jun 2024 Paper Drowzee accepted by OOPSLA 2024. Congratulations to Ningke!
  • Feb 2024 Paper MeTMaP accepted by FORGE 2024. Congratulations to Guanyu and Yi!
  • Feb 2024 Two papers accepted by WWW 2024. Congratulations to Liuhuo!
  • Jan 2024 Paper Glitch Tokens in Large Language Models accepted by FSE 2024. Congratulations to Yuxi and Yi!
  • Jan 2024 Paper Beyond Fidelity accepted by TOSEM. Congratulations to Baijun!
  • Jan 2024 Serving as PC member for WWW, LCTES, FORGE, Internetware, ICECCS 2024.

Publications

# corresponding author

2026
P33
RASET: Router-Agnostic Safety-Critical Expert Tuning Exposes Localized Safety Enforcement Failures in Mixture-of-Experts LLMs EMNLP '26
Zhibo Zhang, Yuxi Li, Zhen Ouyang, Ling Shi, Kailong Wang#
In Proc. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2026. (Main)
Paper
P32
A Temporal Reasoning Benchmarking Framework for LRMs via Difficulty-controlled and Dynamic Test Generation ISSTA '26
Shide Zhou, Kailong Wang#, Ling Shi, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA), 2026.
Paper
P31
Privacy Protection Against Personalized Text-to-Image Synthesis via Cross-image Consistency Constraints ICMR '26
Guanyu Wang, Kailong Wang#, Yihao Huang, Mingyi Zhou, Qing Zhang, Geguang Pu, Li Li
In Proc. ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR), 2026.
Paper
P30
R2IF: Aligning Reasoning with Decisions via Composite Rewards for Interpretable LLM Function Calling ACL '26
Aijia Cheng, Kailong Wang, Ling Shi, Yongxin Zhao
In Proc. Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2026.
Paper
P29
Exposing the Ghost in the Transformer: Abnormal Detection for Large Language Models via Hidden State Forensics TIFS '26
Shide Zhou, Kailong Wang#, Ling Shi, Haoyu Wang
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS), 2026.
Paper
P28
A Large-Scale Privacy Assessment of Android Third-Party SDKs TSE '26
Mark Huasong Meng, Chuan Yan, Yun Hao, Qing Zhang, Zeyu Wang, Kailong Wang, Sin Gee Teo, Guangdong Bai, Jin Song Dong
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE), 2026.
Paper
P27
Efficient and Effective Universal Adversarial Attack against Vision-Language Pre-training Models ICASSP '26
Fan Yang, Yihao Huang, Ling Shi, Geguang Pu, Kailong Wang#
In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2026. (Oral)
Paper
P26
Beyond Correctness: Exposing LLM-generated Logical Flaws in Reasoning via Multi-step Automated Theorem Proving ICSE '26
Xinyi Zheng, Ningke Li, Xiaokun Luan, Kailong Wang#, Ling Shi, Meng Sun, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), 2026.
Paper
P25
ADARULE: LLM-Driven Natural Language to LTL Conversion via Pattern-Adaptive Rule Induction ICSE '26
Jiayi Hu, Jingling Sun, Chong Wang, Yihao Huang, Jincao Feng, Yilongfei Xu, Yong Li, Kailong Wang, Weikai Miao, Jin Song Dong, Geguang Pu
In Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), 2026.
P24
STEAMROLLER: A Multi-Agent System for Inclusive Automatic Speech Recognition for People who Stutter AAAI '26
Ziqi Xu, Yi Liu, Yuekang Li, Ling Shi, Kailong Wang, Yongxin Zhao
In Proc. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2026.
Paper
P23
On the Feasibility of Using MultiModal LLMs to Execute AR Social Engineering Attacks AAAI '26
Ting Bi, Chenghang Ye, Zheyu Yang, Ziyi Zhou, Cui Tang, Zui Tao, Jun Zhang, Kailong Wang, Liting Zhou, Yang Yang, Tianlong Yu
In Proc. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2026.
Paper
2025
P22
Large Language Models for Cyber Security: A Systematic Literature Review TOSEM '25
Hanxiang Xu, Shenao Wang, Ningke Li, Kailong Wang#, Yanjie Zhao, Kai Chen, Ting Yu, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 2025.
Paper
P21
SEAR: A Multimodal Dataset for Analyzing AR-LLM-Driven Social Engineering Behaviors ACM MM '25
Tianlong Yu, Chenghang Ye, Zheyu Yang, Ziyi Zhou, Cui Tang, Zui Tao, Jun Zhang, Kailong Wang, Liting Zhou, Yang Yang, Ting Bi
In Proc. ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM), 2025.
Paper
P20
SPOLRE: Semantic Preserving Object Layout Reconstruction for Image Captioning System Testing TOSEM '25
Yi Liu, Guanyu Wang, Xinyi Zheng, Gelei Deng, Kailong Wang#, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 2025.
Paper
P19
Position: Trustworthy AI Agents Require the Integration of Large Language Models and Formal Methods ICML '25
Yedi Zhang, Yufan Cai, Xinyue Zuo, Xiaokun Luan, Kailong Wang, Zhe Hou, Yifan Zhang, Zhiyuan Wei, Meng Sun, Jun Sun, Jing Sun, Jin Song Dong
In Proc. International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2025.
Paper
P18
NeuSemSlice: Towards Effective DNN Model Maintenance via Neuron-level Semantic Slicing TOSEM '25
Shide Zhou, Tianlin Li, Kailong Wang#, Yihao Huang, Ling Shi, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 2025.
Paper
P17
Understanding the Effectiveness of Coverage Criteria for Large Language Models: A Special Angle from Jailbreak Attacks ICSE '25
Shide Zhou, Tianlin Li, Kailong Wang#, Yihao Huang, Ling Shi, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), 2025.
Paper
P16
Decoding Secret Memorization in Code LLMs Through Token-Level Characterization ICSE '25
Yuqing Nie, Chong Wang, Kailong Wang#, Guoai Xu, Guosheng Xu, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), 2025.
Paper
2024
P15
MiniScope: Automated UI Exploration and Privacy Inconsistency Detection of MiniApps via Two-phase Iterative Hybrid Analysis TOSEM '24
Shenao Wang, Yuekang Li, Kailong Wang#, Yi Liu, Hui Li, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 2024.
Paper
P14
Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review TOSEM '24
Xinyi Hou, Yanjie Zhao, Yue Liu, Zhou Yang, Kailong Wang, Li Li, Xiapu Luo, David Lo, John Grundy, Haoyu Wang
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 2024.
Paper
P13
GlitchProber: Advancing Effective Detection and Mitigation of Glitch Tokens in Large Language Models ASE '24
Zhibo Zhang, Wuxia Bai, Yuxi Li, Mark Huasong Meng, Kailong Wang#, Ling Shi, Li Li, Jun Wang, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), 2024.
Paper
P12
Semantic-Enhanced Indirect Call Analysis with Large Language Models ASE '24
Baijun Cheng, Cen Zhang, Kailong Wang#, Ling Shi, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang, Yao Guo, Xiangqun Chen
In Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE), 2024.
Paper
P11
Towards Robust Detection of Open Source Software Supply Chain Poisoning Attacks in Industry Environments ASE '24
Xinyi Zheng, Chen Wei, Shenao Wang, Yanjie Zhao, Peiming Gao, Yuanchao Zhang, Kailong Wang#, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, Industry Showcase (ASE), 2024.
Paper
P10
Models Are Codes: Towards Measuring Malicious Code Poisoning Attacks on Pre-trained Model Hubs ASE '24
Jian Zhao, Shenao Wang, Yanjie Zhao, Xinyi Hou, Kailong Wang, Peiming Gao, Yuanchao Zhang, Chen Wei, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering, Industry Showcase (ASE), 2024.
Paper
P9
Drowzee: Metamorphic Testing for Fact-conflicting Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models OOPSLA '24
Ningke Li, Yuekang Li, Yi Liu, Ling Shi, Kailong Wang#, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages & Applications (OOPSLA), 2024.
Paper
P8
Glitch Tokens in Large Language Models: Categorization Taxonomy and Effective Detection FSE '24
Yuxi Li, Yi Liu, Gelei Deng, Ying Zhang, Wenjia Song, Ling Shi, Kailong Wang#, Yuekang Li, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang
In Proc. ACM International Conference on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE), 2024.
Paper
P7
MetMap: Metamorphic Testing for Detecting False Vector Matching Problems in LLM Augmented Generation FORGE '24
Guanyu Wang, Yuekang Li, Yi Liu, Gelei Deng, Tianlin Li, Guosheng Xu, Yang Liu, Haoyu Wang, Kailong Wang#
In Proc. AI Foundation Models and Software Engineering (FORGE), 2024.
Paper
P6
Beyond Fidelity: Explaining Vulnerability Localization of Learning-based Detectors TOSEM '24
Baijun Cheng, Shengming Zhao, Kailong Wang#, Meizhen Wang, Guangdong Bai, Ruitao Feng, Yao Guo, Lei Ma, Haoyu Wang
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 33(5):1–33, 2024.
Paper
P5
Don't Bite Off More Than You Can Chew: Investigating Excessive Permission Requests in Trigger-action Integrations WWW '24
Liuhuo Wan, Kailong Wang#, Kulani Tharaka Mahadewa, Haoyu Wang, Guangdong Bai
In Proc. ACM Web Conference (WWW), 2024.
Paper
P4
Is It Safe To Share Your Files? An Empirical Security Analysis of Google Workspace WWW '24
Liuhuo Wan, Kailong Wang#, Haoyu Wang, Guangdong Bai
In Proc. ACM Web Conference (WWW), 2024.
Paper
P3
Masterkey: Automated Jailbreak of Multiple Large Language Model Chatbots NDSS '24
Gelei Deng, Yi Liu, Yuekang Li, Kailong Wang, Ying Zhang, Zefeng Li, Haoyu Wang, Tianwei Zhang, Yang Liu
In Proc. Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), 2024.
Paper
P2
Pandora: Jailbreak GPTs by Retrieval Augmented Generation Poisoning NDSS-AISCC '24
Gelei Deng, Yi Liu, Kailong Wang, Yuekang Li, Tianwei Zhang, Yang Liu
In Proc. NDSS Workshop on AI System with Confidential Computing (AISCC), 2024.
Paper
P1
Essential or Excessive? MindaExt: Measuring Data Minimization Practices among Browser Extensions SANER '24
Yuxi Ling, Yun Hao, Yuyan Wang, Kailong Wang, Guangdong Bai, Jin Song Dong
In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER), 2024.
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For a complete list, see Google Scholar or DBLP.

Education

  • 2016–2022
    Ph.D. in Computer Science
    School of Computing, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
  • 2011–2015
    B.Eng. in Infocommunication Engineering, First Class Honours (GPA 4.76/5.00)
    School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore

Experience

  • 2023–now
    Associate Professor
    School of CSE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
  • 2022–2023
    Postdoctoral Research Fellow
    School of Computing, National University of Singapore (NUS) · Supervised by Prof. Jin Song Dong
  • 2019
    Visiting Scholar
    University of Queensland, Australia
  • 2015–2021
    Research Assistant
    School of Computing, National University of Singapore (NUS) · Supervised by Prof. Jin Song Dong

Academic Service

Journal Editorship / Reviewer

  • IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (TSE)
  • ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
  • IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC)
  • Nature Communications (NC)
  • IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS)

Program Committee Member

  • ACM FSE 2027
  • IEEE/ACM ICSE 2027
  • ACM FSE 2026
  • AAAI 2026
  • ACM Web Conference (WWW 2023–2026)
  • ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM 2025)
  • IEEE/ACM IWQoS 2025 (Publication Chair)
  • FORGE 2024–2025
  • Internetware 2024–2025
  • ICECCS 2024
  • ICFEM 2023
  • IEEE PRDC 2023
  • ChinaSoft 2023